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社団法人の理事の解任 | 名古屋の行政書士ほみにす法務事務所 会社設立・契約書・内容証明・建設業許可
社団法人の理事の解任
連日,相撲の話がスゴイなぁっと思う,
名古屋の特定行政書士の澤田です。
いやぁ,連日,報道されてますね,
本筋じゃないところが。
で,行政書士的に気になったのが,
「貴乃花親方を,理事から解任する!」
という,話が出てるとか,いう話。
ええ!って思うわけです。
で,まぁ,こういうことって,
よく,ご相談を受けるんですよ。
取締役を解任したい,とか,
理事を解任したい,とか,って。
で,今回の日本相撲協会さんのお話。
評議員の議長である,池坊さんは,
こう,発言されているようです。
定款の中にきちんと何か会った場合は
上司に報告する義務があると書かれている。
定款というのは組織の法律ですから、
法律は守って頂いた方がいいんじゃないかな
と思っています。
で,これが本当か?っということで,
日本相撲協会の定款を見てみましょう。
(理事の職務及び権限)
第28条 理事は、理事会を構成し、法令及びこの定款で定めるところにより、職務を執行する。
2 理事長は、法令及びこの定款で定めるところにより、この法人を代表し、その業務を執行し、業務執行理事は、理事会において別に定めるところにより、この法人の業務を分担執行する。
3 理事長及び業務執行理事は、毎事業年度に4か月を超える間隔で2回以上、自己の職務の執行の状況を理事会に報告しなければならない。
うーんと,定款には,
上司への報告義務はなさそうです。
ただ,他の規則にある可能性,
これはありますけど,ね。
で,ですよ,理事を解任するには,
解任事由,つまり,解任するにつき,
正当な事由が必要なんです。
(役員及び会計監査人の解任)
第32条 理事又は監事が、次のいずれかに該当するときは、評議員会の決議によって解任することができる。
(1)職務上の義務に違反し、又は職務を怠ったとき
(2)心身の故障のため、職務の執行に支障があり、又はこれに堪えないとき
貴乃花理事は解任だ!
と主張される方は,
第32条1項1号の職務上の義務に
違反した,ということを根拠にしている
みたいですけど。
いや,確かに,条文はあるんですよ。
問題は,この「職務上の義務に違反」した,
という事実認定は,
非常にハードルが高いんです。
どのぐらいのレベルであれば,
「職務上の義務に違反」した,
つまり,正当事由あり,
と,最終決着できるか,というと,
・横領・背任などの犯罪行為
・法人との委任関係に反する行為
これぐらいないと,
正当な解任事由とはならない,
のが,一般的な考え方です。
なので,
今回のような,
「報告を怠った」といようなものでは,
正当事由があるか,というのは,
かなり怪しいところ,なんです。
で,もうひとつ。
今回の場合,理事として報告がなかった,
これが問題視されているわけですけど,
理事として理事会等に報告することが,
理事の職務に反する
この可能性も,指摘されているわけですよ。
協会内部でつぶされて,うやむやにされる,
この危険性を指摘する声もあるわけです。
とするとね,そのような状態にする,
ということは,理事としての職務に
反してしまう可能性もあるわけです。
というのも,理事は,理事会と,
そして,評議会と委任関係が
あるわけではないのです。
理事が委任関係にあるのは,
法人そのものであること
これに,注意が必要です。
他の理事とは利益相反行為でも,
法人とは利益が一緒な行為,
つまり,正当な行為,
というのがありうるわけです。
特に,コンプラ違反が発生している
ような事案では,です。
でね,百歩譲って,理事を解任,
なんていうこともできるんですけど。
これ,かなりリスクがあります。
よくね,
「あいつは気に食わないから,解任」
「ケンカしたから,あいつは解任」
なんてご相談あるんですけど,
こんな主観的なものだと,
解任について,正当事由なし,
と判断される可能性大ですわ・・・。
解任に正当事由がない,
となると,事態はさらにメンドウに。
損害賠償請求,
認められるんですよ。
どれぐらいか?というと,
任期満了までの役員報酬とか,
役員賞与とか,退職慰労金とか。
つまり,
もらえるべきだったもの
全部,です。
これ,株式会社の取締役でも,
同じことが言えます。
株式会社なんかだと,
任期を10年にしているところ,
多いので,注意が必要だったりします。
任期中に解任して,正当事由なし,
と(裁判所に)判断されると,
最終的には全報酬の支払い
という事態になりかねません。
ので,
解任は慎重に。
できる限り,抑制的に。
もちろん,正当事由があれば,
いいですけど,ね。
でも,最終的には裁判所の判断,
これになってくるわけなので・・・。
できれば,辞任届を書いてもらって,
辞任という方法をとったほうが・・・。
と,あとあとのトラブルを
考えると,良いかなとは思います。
個人的には,貴乃花親方には,
「一般社団法人新日本相撲協会」
を設立していただいて,
独立して,その後,公益認定を取って,
というのがいいのではないか,
と思っていたりします。
ので,関係者の皆様,
設立のご依頼,お待ちしております。
(↑冗談です。)
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